Like with everything else, it is important to reflect. As I reflect on the past year, there were some ups, and some downs. There were patients I saw and referred for amputations, surgery and other interventions; those I got pain-free, and condition free; along with those whose ulcers healed and limbs were saved. Those with diabetes continued to reign supreme; and since diabetes is one of passions, my wish for 2019 is a reduction in that rate locally, as well as worldwide.

The conditions I saw most this year were:

Foot pain

Many people have pain in their feet. This could be due to overuse of one of many different structures in your foot. Pain on standing first thing in the morning is a classic symptom of plantar fasciitis. It is one of the most common problems experienced. Often starting with low-grade pain in the arch or heel of the foot, it can get worse over weeks or months. Foot pain is usually caused by a mechanical problem with your feet, such as poor foot biomechanics, muscle imbalances, poor training techniques, or incorrect footwear.

Calluses on the feet

A callus is an area of hard, thickened skin on the foot, that forms in response to pressure or friction, usually through poor-fitting shoes. If the pressure is not relieved, calluses can become painful. Common sites of calluses are the ball of the foot, under the big toe, tips of toes, and any bony prominence.

Calluses in people with diabetes

Care of all foot problems is particularly important for persons with diabetes. Along with guidance by your doctor or podiatrist, the general suggestions listed should be observed:

• Make foot care part of your daily routine. Look at, and feel each foot for signs of injury, including bruises, blisters, broken or cracked skin, hot or cold areas, corns and calluses, and discolouration. If your eyesight is poor, get someone else to check your feet for you.
• If you find a cut or break in the skin, wash the area with warm salty water; apply an antiseptic; and cover with a clean dressing.
• Do not treat foot problems yourself. Seek advice from a podiatrist.

Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)

Tinea pedis is a contagious fungal infection of the skin. It is easy to catch and is often picked up in public areas, such as communal showers. It usually develops between the toes, and along the arch of the foot. The skin can change in appearance, becoming red, moist and itchy, and sometimes developing small blisters.

Avoiding tinea pedis

To avoid catching tinea pedis you should:

• Wear shoes whenever you are in public areas.
• Wear slippers in public showers; preferably, avoid public showers totally.

Plantar Warts (Fish Eyes)

Plantar Warts, locally known as fish eyes, are caused by a virus. They are usually contracted in humid communal environments, such as public showers and swimming pools. The best way to try and avoid catching them on your feet, is to wear slippers in public places mentioned.

Ingrown toenails

Ingrown toenails are generally caused by poor nail-cutting technique, abnormal nail shape, or poorly fitted footwear. To avoid ingrown toenails:

• Do not cut nails into the corners – this can leave a spike of nail that can embed itself into, or irritate the flesh next to the nail.
• Make sure that you and your children wear shoes that fit properly.

Treatment of ingrown toenails

Some people have toenails that are prone to ingrowing regardless of how they cut them. In these cases, the only permanent solution is to remove the outer margins of the nail through a minor surgical procedure. Seek advice from your doctor or a podiatrist.

Diabetes and foot problems

People with diabetes have a greater risk of serious foot problems. As indicated earlier, they should check their feet daily for cuts, blisters, bruises or signs of injury. Also, wearing well-fitted shoes to protect the feet from injury should be a must.

The main risk factors for the feet of people with diabetes are:

• Impaired circulation, which can delay healing.
• Nerve damage, which can cause loss of sensation in their feet. This means a person may not know that their shoe is rubbing, or that they have cut their foot.

Where to get help

• A podiatrist
• Your doctor
• Your local community health centre

Things to remember

• Most common foot problems can be easily avoided and simply treated.
• Make sure that you and your children wear shoes that not only fit properly, but support your feet.
• Abnormalities in the movement of your feet or legs, poor technique, or incorrect footwear, may cause foot or shin pain.
• Seek advice from a podiatrist regarding the best treatment for you.
• People with diabetes should not only check their feet daily,  but have them assessed by a podiatrist, at least once a year.

Make your feet your business in 2019… and  help save a limb! Best wishes for a Healthy and Prosperous New Year, and may blessings continue to flow.

 

Your feet mirror your general health . . . cherish them!